DRY EYE

Dry eye is a condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears or where the tears evaporate too quickly. Tears are crucial for maintaining the health of the eyes, providing lubrication, nourishment, and protection against irritants and infections.

In dry eye syndrome, reduced quantity or quality of tears can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms, including:

Dryness: The eyes may feel dry, gritty, or sandy, as if there is something foreign in them

Redness: Dry eyes can appear red or bloodshot due to irritation and inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids

Burning or Itching: Some individuals may experience a burning or itching sensation in the eyes, particularly after prolonged periods of reading, computer use, or exposure to wind or dry air

Blurry Vision: Insufficient tear film can lead to blurry vision, as tears help maintain a smooth optical surface on the cornea

Sensitivity to Light: Dry eye syndrome can cause increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), making it uncomfortable to be in brightly lit environments.

Excessive Tearing: Paradoxically, some individuals with dry eyes may experience excessive tearing as the eyes attempt to compensate for the dryness. However, this excessive tearing doesn’t provide the necessary lubrication and may worsen symptoms

CAUSES OF DRY EYE

  • Eyelid problems such as incomplete closure or blockage of the tear ducts

  • Environmental factors such as dry or windy climates

  • Hormonal changes particularly in women during menopause

  • Aging which can lead to decreased tear production

  • Prolonged screen time leading to decreased blinking and tear evaporation

  • Medical conditions like autoimmune diseases and diabetes

  • Contact lens wear particularly extended wear lenses or improper fitting

Dry eye syndrome is typically managed using a stepwise approach, where treatment strategies are tailored to the severity and underlying causes of the condition.

Artificial Tear Eye Drops: lubricating eye drops provide instant relief from dryness and discomfort. Opt for preservative-free options for sensitive eyes
Prescription Eye Drops: prescription medications like anti-inflammatories or tear-simulating agents, target underlying causes of dry eye for long-term relief
Blinking Exercises: promote tear distribution and stability with conscious blinking exercises, especially during screen use
Nutritional Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acid supplements promote tear quality and reduce inflammation, supporting overall eye health.
Warm Compresses and Lid Hygiene: gentle heat therapy and eyelid hygiene routines improve meibomian gland function, crucial for tear production
Environmental Modifications: adjust indoor air with a humidifier, avoid smoke and windy conditions, and take screen breaks for eye comfort